What Is WPQ?
Quick Answer: A WPQ (Welder Performance Qualification), also called a welder qualification test record, certifies that a welder (or welding operator) has the skill to deposit sound welds following a qualified WPS. The welder makes a test coupon that is examined by radiography, bend testing, or other NDT. Passing the test qualifies the welder for specific processes, positions, materials, and thickness ranges.
How WPQ Qualification Works
Per ASME Section IX, Article III (QW-300), the welder welds a test coupon under the observation of a qualified examiner, following an existing qualified WPS. The test coupon is then subjected to mechanical testing or volumetric examination.
| Test Method | Requirement | Acceptance |
|---|---|---|
| Guided bend test | 2 face bends + 2 root bends (or 4 side bends) | No open defects > 3 mm (1/8”) |
| Radiographic examination | RT of the test coupon per QW-302.2 | Meets ASME Section IX, QW-191 acceptance criteria |
| Visual examination | All test coupons | Complete fusion, no cracks, acceptable reinforcement |
| Macro exam (fillet only) | Cross-section of fillet weld per QW-383 | Sound weld, fusion to root |
Position Qualification Matrix
Qualifying in one position covers additional positions per ASME Section IX QW-461.9:
| Test Position (Pipe) | Qualifies For |
|---|---|
| 1G (rotated, flat) | 1G only |
| 2G (horizontal fixed) | 1G, 2G |
| 5G (horizontal pipe, fixed, vertical up/down) | 1G, 3G, 4G, 5G |
| 6G (45-degree fixed, inclined) | All positions (1G through 6G) |
| 6GR (6G with restriction ring) | All positions including restricted access |
Essential Variables for Welder Qualification
| Variable | Change Requiring Re-Qualification |
|---|---|
| Welding process | Any change (e.g., GTAW to SMAW) |
| Electrode type (SMAW) | Change in F-number (e.g., F-3 to F-4) |
| Position | Adding a position not already qualified |
| Base metal backing | With backing to without backing |
| Direction of welding | Vertical up to vertical down (or vice versa) |
| Filler metal to autogenous | Adding or deleting filler metal |
Maintaining Qualification
A welder’s WPQ remains valid as long as:
- The welder uses the qualified process at least once within any 6-month period
- The employer maintains a welding continuity log documenting this activity
- No specific reason to question the welder’s ability arises
If the welder does not use a qualified process for more than 6 months, re-qualification is required. This rule applies per ASME Section IX QW-322.
The WPQ, together with the WPS and PQR, forms the complete welding documentation package reviewed during pipe fabrication inspections and project audits.
Leave a Comment
Have a question or feedback? Send us a message.